21 research outputs found
Lightweight method of shuffling overlapped data-blocks for data integrity and security in WSNs
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consist of devices with limited resources to explore and sense the environment in a cooperative way. Security, mainly in terms of guaranteeing the data integrity, is a primary issue for many applications, but with an extra energy cost. Thus, trade-off is required between security level and energy consumption in real applications. First of all, a brief survey about security methods, focusing in data integrity, in WSN is implemented. The objective of this paper is to propose a new data integrity method with medium security levels and low energy cost. Therefore, we propose a new and lightweight mechanism for data integrity with overlapping blocks in WSNs. Hence, an attacker will spend much time and effort to interpret and alter the packets. The experiments were performed using TinyOS 2.1 operating system and TelosB nodes for measuring the overhead in terms of energy consumption, memory, and packet size. Moreover, the receiver is able to detect tampering packets and request those retransmission data. An attacker would require huge amounts of memory and processing time to extract the original information, even for small-sized data blocks. Thus, this fact makes this approach a simple, yet effective, mechanism to protect data whilst enhancing the data integrity
Homomorphic Filtering for Improving Time Synchronization in Wireless Networks
Wireless sensor networks are used to sample the environment in a distributed way.
Therefore, it is mandatory for all of the measurements to be tightly synchronized in order to guarantee
that every sensor is sampling the environment at the exact same instant of time. The synchronization
drift gets bigger in environments suffering from temperature variations. Thus, this work is focused
on improving time synchronization under deployments with temperature variations. The working
hypothesis demonstrated in this work is that the clock skew of two nodes (the ratio of the real
frequencies of the oscillators) is composed of a multiplicative combination of two main components:
the clock skew due to the variations between the cut of the crystal of each oscillator and the clock
skew due to the different temperatures affecting the nodes. By applying a nonlinear filtering,
the homomorphic filtering, both components are separated in an effective way. A correction factor
based on temperature, which can be applied to any synchronization protocol, is proposed. For testing
it, an improvement of the FTSP synchronization protocol has been developed and physically
tested under temperature variation scenarios using TelosB motes flashed with the IEEE 802.15.4
implementation supplied by TinyOS
mDARAL: A Multi-Radio Version for the DARAL Routing Algorithm
Smart Cities are called to change the daily life of human beings. This concept permits
improving the efficiency of our cities in several areas such as the use of water, energy consumption,
waste treatment, and mobility both for people as well as vehicles throughout the city. This represents
an interconnected scenario in which thousands of embedded devices need to work in a collaborative
way both for sensing and modifying the environment properly. Under this scenario, the majority
of devices will use wireless protocols for communicating among them, representing a challenge
for optimizing the use of the electromagnetic spectrum. When the density of deployed nodes
increases, the competition for using the physical medium becomes harder and, in consequence, traffic
collisions will be higher, affecting data-rates in the communication process. This work presents
mDARAL, a multi-radio routing algorithm based on the Dynamic and Adaptive Radio Algorithm
(DARAL), which has the capability of isolating groups of nodes into sub-networks. The nodes of each
sub-network will communicate among them using a dedicated radio frequency, thus isolating the
use of the radio channel to a reduced number of nodes. Each sub-network will have a master node
with two physical radios, one for communicating with its neighbours and the other for being the
contact point among its group and other sub-networks. The communication among sub-networks is
done through master nodes in a dedicated radio frequency. The algorithm works to maximize the
overall performance of the network through the distribution of the traffic messages into unoccupied
frequencies. The obtained results show that mDARAL achieves great improvement in terms of the
number of control messages necessary to connect a node to the network, convergence time and energy
consumption during the connection phase compared to DARAL
License Plate Detection based on Genetic Neural Networks, Morphology, and Active Contours
This paper describes a new method for License Plate Detection based on Genetic Neural Networks, Morphology, and Active Contours. Given an image is divided into several virtual regions sized 10×10 pixels, applying several performance algorithms within each virtual region, algorithms such as edge detection, histograms, and binary thresholding, etc. These results are used as inputs for a Genetic Neural Network, which provides the initial selection for the probable situation of the license plate. Further refinement is applied using active contours to fit the output tightly to the license plate. With a small and well–chosen subset of images, the system is able to deal with a large variety of images with real–world characteristics obtaining great precision in the detection. The effectiveness for the proposed method is very high (97%). This method will be the first stage of a surveillance system which takes into account not only the actual license plate but also the model of the car to determine if a car should be taken as a threat
ALCOR Project: Contributions to Optimizing Remote Robot Guidance in Intelligent Spaces
The work shows the sensory, communication and control solutions for the remote guidance of robots in intelligent environments, as derived activity from the ALCOR project. In this type of applications, optimizing shared resources, especially those related to energy autonomy and the use of the wireless channel, remains a challenge. The main contributions of the project are: a) development of sensorial units based on infrared with centimeter accuracy in the location of the source and response times of milliseconds; b) wireless communication solutions that improve the information routing and homogenization in network traffic; and c) control and estimation solutions based on events with independent mechanisms of action on the mobile unit and request for measurements to the sensor module. The commercial robot P3-DX has been used for experimental tests
Digital Systems Laboratory for Visually Impaired Students
Comunicación presentada al 2nd ACM Workshop on Methods and Cases in Computing Education for the European Higher Education Area, celebrado en Barcelona el 22 de abril de 2009.This paper describes how the practical sessions of the Digital Systems Laboratory within the Computer Science Degree have been adapted to allow a visually impaired student to take part in the practical sessions. Regular students use a computer--aided design tool (OrCAD) for digital design in their practical assignments. This work shows how the use of special instrumentation allows visually impaired students to work with regular students in the same lab, where the CAD tool is installed. The teaching methodology and the obtained assessments are introduced here. Some specific practical materials have been designed and they are described in this work; the design of a special buzzer is also presente
Aplicación de PCA y técnicas bayesianas a la clasificación de píxeles basada en color
En este trabajo se propone un método para la clasificación de píxeles en base a su color. A partir de un conjunto de variables que caracterizan un píxel según su color se determinará cuáles de éstas son las más representativas y se realizará la clasificación propiamente dicha. Para ello nuestro método consta de dos fases: en la primera se aplica PCA para obtener el conjunto de variables características más informativas; en la segunda, dichas variables se utilizan como patrones de las clases de un clasificador bayesiano. El método se ilustra a través de varios experimentos
Desarrollo de un sistema de toma de decisiones autónomo y ejemplo de aplicación a servicios de seguridad bajo demanda
Existen multitud de sistemas de adquisición de datos autónomos basados en diferentes metodologías, muchos de ellos se imparten en la educación universitaria y otros por el contrario surgen de un exhaustivo trabajo de investigación científica. Estos sistemas se aplican hoy en día en un gran número de áreas, siendo todas ellas muy diversas aunque con importantes nexos comunes. En el presente artículo se propone, a partir de un proyecto fin de carrera, un sistema autónomo de adquisición de datos y reconocimiento del entorno, con un alto índice de escalabilidad e integración a nuevos espacios. Para probar su eficacia se propone también una aplicación robotizada que utiliza estas características en el área de la seguridad, un campo en el que resultan especialmente claras las propiedades diferenciadoras del método propuesto
ZigBee Pulse Oximeter
This work presents a prototype to adapt a standard
pulse oximeter by turning it into a wireless device using ZigBee.
Patient’s data are extracted and transmitted to the server in real
time through a Wireless Sensor Network. This Wireless Sensor
Network is deployed using the mesh topology in order to reach the
maximum reliability in the communications. The pulse oximeter
is based on a Nellcor DS-100a probe and is controlled by an
Arduino FIO with a XBee wireless modem. The amplifier circuit
which is designed to extract the information of the pulse oximeter
probe is included in this work